Overestimating the degree to which one’s perception of the world is accurate and the degree to which others perceive the world as one does (Morewedge and Kahneman, 2010).
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Epistemic actions are ways an agent has of modifying the external environment to provide crucial bits of information just when they are needed most.
Thus, we distinguish pragmatic actions – actions performed to bring one physically closer to a goal – from epistemic actions – actions performed to uncover information that is hidden or hard to compute mentally (Kirsh and Maglio, 1994).
Epistemic actions stand in contrast to pragmatic actions. The latter are actions designed to bring one physically closer to a goal. Walking to the fridge to fetch a beer is a pragmatic action. Epistemic actions may or may not yield such physical advance. Instead, they are designed to extract or uncover information. Looking inside the fridge to see what […]
A tool for thinking. Examples include externalized information representations such as text documents and database records along with graphical tools such as bar charts and geographic maps. Historical examples include petroglyphs used to mark productive hunting and fishing grounds. According to Clark, Dennett, Mithen, et al., the invention and use of epistemic artifacts are central to the explanation of human intelligence and human culture (Sterelny, 2004).
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As defined here, an information-bearing element of an epistemic artifact (cf. sign). Note the term is intended to refer not only to components of formal sign systems, but any elemental information-bearing pattern, for example a face in a photograph.