Lexicon – Page 2

General Definition of Information (GDI)

The General Definition of Information (GDI) is a generally accepted characterization that defines information as data + meaning. Formally, GDI is expressed as follows:

GDI)	σ is an instance of information, understood as semantic content, if and only if:
	GDI.1) σ consists of n data, for n ≥ 1;
	GDI.2) the data are well formed;
	GDI.3) the well-formed data are meaningful.

GDI is a so-called data-based definition of information. GDI.1 states that an instance of information, σ (sometimes referred to as an infon), is defined as a “bundle” of one or more data instances, each typically expressed as a type/value pair. GDI.2 says that these data bundles are organized according to the rules of a particular […]

December 21st, 2014|Categories: Epistemology|

Hindsight bias

‘Naive’ probability estimates of the probability of an outcome increase when it is known to have occurred (Morewedge and Kahneman, 2010).

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April 7th, 2013|Categories: Cognition|Tags: cognitive bias|

Infon

An instance of information as defined by the General Definition of Information. Infons are composed of one or more data instances according to some predefined syntax and semantics.

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January 6th, 2015|Categories: Uncategorized|

Processing fluency

The subjective experience of the ease or difficulty with which a cognitive task is accomplished (Morewedge and Kahneman, 2010).

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April 7th, 2013|Categories: Cognition|

Sign

“I define a sign as anything which is so determined by something else, called its Object, and so determines an effect upon a person, which effect I call its interpretant, that the later is thereby mediately determined by the former.” (Peirce, 1998, 478)

According to C.S. Peirce, a sign is an entity consisting of three parts, a signifier (or sign-vehicle, for example a map symbol or written word), an object (the thing the signifier refers to), and an interpretant (the meaning construed in the mind of an observer).

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April 10th, 2013|Categories: Epistemology|Tags: sign, symbol|